Issue 1 (March)

Vol. 3 (2025), JES

2 articles

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Open Access Journal Article
Which Came First, The Chicken or the Egg? What about Ducks?: Granger Causality Using Philippine Poultry Data
by John Francis Diaz
JES  2025 3(1):18; 10.58567/jes03010001 - 15 March 2025
Abstract
The paper studies Philippine poultry data and revisits the chicken or the egg causality problem to include ducks data. Using quarterly Philippine poultry production time-series from the first quarter of 1980 to the last quarter of 2014, this research finds that chickens came from eggs, which is consistent with the earlier statistical results of Thurman and Fisher (1988), and ge [...] Read more

Open Access Essay
Testing the Convergence Hypothesis in Primary Energy Consumption in Turkey: The Case of High-Income Countries
by Taleh Mammadov
JES  2025 3(1):19; 10.58567/jes03010002 - 15 March 2025
Abstract
This study investigates whether Turkey's per capita primary energy consumption converges to that of high-income countries using linear unit root tests over the period 1965-2023. The analysis applies a variety of methods, including the Lee and Strazicich (2003) test, Narayan and Popp (2010) test, Lumsdaine and Papell (1997) test, and the conventional ADF test. According to the r [...] Read more
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