The digital transformation of manufacturing industry can promote the development of green transformation and promote the differentiation of workers’ skill structure; On the other hand, it will also hinder the green development due to the huge energy consumption generated by the application of digital technology and facilities. In addition, the green transformation of manufacturing industry will also have differentiated impacts on the employment of labour with different skills due to the innovation of green technology. The existing research has not discussed too much about the interaction among the digital transformation and green transformation in manufacturing industry and labour structure. So, this paper uses the PVAR model to examine the dynamic relationship between digital and green transformation within the industrial sector from the perspective of labour structure, specifically analyzing the impact difference across regions. The results suggest that there is a reciprocal connection between the digitization of manufacturing sector and the labour structure, particularly in the eastern region of China, but the overall interaction between the two remains weak. The interactive between the green transformation of manufacturing industry and the labour structure in the central and western areas has been delayed over periods 1-6. Digital and green manufacturing transformation reinforce each other in central and western regions. However, the digital revolution in the manufacturing industry is hindered by the green transformation in eastern region.

Strategic entrepreneurship (SE) emphasizes synchronous advantage-seeking and opportunity development, an important mode for enhancing the core competitive advantage of scientific and technological innovation in enterprises and realizes sustainable innovation in a dynamic and uncertain environment. Through a questionnaire survey of 308 small- and medium-sized science and technology innovation enterprises in the Chinese Pearl River Delta region, this study explores how managers’ cross-border capability (MCC) affects the SE of science and technology innovation enterprises. Research shows an inverted U-shaped relationship between the MCC and SE of scientific and technological innovation enterprises. Organizational learning (OL) plays an intermediary role in the relationship between MCC and SE, while attention to policy positively adjusts the inverted U-shaped relationship between the MCC and SE of science and technology innovation enterprises. The regulatory effect of cross-border efforts on the relationship between MCC and SE of scientific and technological innovation enterprises is insignificant; however, they positively regulate the role of MCC in OL, which can positively impact the SE of scientific and technological innovation enterprises through OL. This study has implications for optimizing the internal and external resources of the organization, promoting the capture of innovation opportunities, and constructing competitive advantages for scientific and technological innovation enterprises.

The policy of ethnic equality and solidarity aims to narrow the ethnic gap and develop harmoniously. At the level of higher education, it should promote the equity of ethnic education. This paper uses the administrative data of undergraduate students from 2008 to 2015 in a liberal arts university in southwest China to study the differences, causes and dynamic trends in the scores of college students from different nationalities. The results show that compared with Han students, the average GPA of ethnic minority students is 0.13 points lower (equivalent to 0.23 and 0.3 standard deviations of the scores of ethnic minority and Han students), the fourth grade scores are 0.28 standard deviations lower, and 7.3% lower. This difference is more significant in the western region, especially in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Hubei and other provinces inhabited by ethnic minorities; Kazak and uygur are the nationalities with the biggest gap with han students; The difference between girls is more significant than that between boys. The "peer effect" and cultural distance between roommates are important reasons for this difference. Further analysis shows that although the ethnic differences in academic performance are gradually expanding, the growth rate tends to converge. The above conclusions are helpful to clarify the object and time of making national higher education policy, and also have important reference significance for primary and secondary education.

Grain trade plays a critical role in global grain security and the balance of grain supply and demand across countries. As globalization progresses, the complexity and diversity of grain trade have become increasingly prominent. Its significance extends beyond the economic sphere, directly impacting social stability and international relations. The dynamic development of grain trade is influenced by a variety of factors, including climate change, international economic policies, technological advancements, and geopolitics. At the same time, the complexity of global grain supply chains, the uncertainty of international trade policies, and the frequent occurrence of extreme climate events pose significant challenges to the smooth operation of grain trade. In recent years, there has been growing attention in the international community on how to achieve the sustainable development of grain trade by optimizing policies, strengthening international cooperation, and promoting technological innovation. This study systematically reviews the existing literature on grain trade, providing a comprehensive summary of the research landscape, covering factors influencing grain trade, development trends, supply chain management, and risk management. The goal is to provide a systematic analysis and insights for both academics and policymakers, as well as directions and references for future research. Additionally, the study explores how grain trade has maintained resilience amid global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change, and offers strategic recommendations for achieving global grain security. This research aims to further promote the sustainable development of grain trade systems and provide strong support for global grain security and socioeconomic stability.