The progression in nanotechnology has revolutionized the biomedical sciences for diagnosis and treatment of diseases like cancer. There have been many kinds of nanomaterials but Inorganic nanomaterials have been considered potential candidates for anticancer activities due to their high biocompatibility, less toxicity, high stability, and high precision in targeting affected cells. Several synthesis approaches have been used to prepared these nanoparticles, such as physical, chemical, and biogenic methods. Due to higher toxicity and adverse effects of chemical methods, eco-friendly way such as biosynthesized inorganic nanomaterials have attained much attention for multiple application particularly treatment of diseases. This review presents a comprehensive and updated knowledge (2015-2023) regarding the cancer treatment. The article first categorizes biogenically synthesized inorganic nanoparticles into three main groups: metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and quantum dots and then successful stories related to cancer treatment. This will also provide very effective platform for researchers and academia to detail the biogenically synthesized inorganic nanoparticles’ morphology, their characterization, targeted cancer cells.

Cancer treatment faces multiple challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, microenvironment influence, treatment side effects, and treatment cost. The heterogeneity of the tumor makes the effect of the same treatment vary in different patients, so the development of personalized treatment strategies is crucial. In addition, resistance of tumor cells to therapeutic drugs is a major challenge, and new strategies to overcome resistance are needed. As a cutting-edge field of science and technology, nanotechnology has brought great potential and opportunities for tumor treatment. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects through precise targeted delivery and controlled release. Cell-membrane coated nanoparticles show great promise in tumor therapy. Nanoparticles coated with cell membranes have good biocompatibility, can reduce the obstacles of immune rejection and cell uptake, improve the accumulation and retention of drugs in tumor tissues, and have good drug delivery ability, drug stability and control release ability. This review discusses advances in the use of cell-membrane coated nanoparticles to target tumor drugs.

Noninvasive acquisition of deep tissue temperature has important applications in home health monitoring, hyperthermia safety control, and other domains. In this work, we present here a novel magnetically mediated thermoacoustic temperature measurement method. Utilizing coil to stimulate amplitude modulated magnetic field and ultrasound transducer to receive the generated thermoacoustic wave from the inserted magnetic nanoparticles. Benefiting from the high sensitivity of thermoacoustic emission from nanoparticles and the deep penetration capability of both magnetic field and ultrasound propagation, the proposed thermoacoustic temperature measurement system enables a high measurement accuracy of 0.5 degrees Celsius in real time. This work potentially facilitates further development of closed loop magnetic hyperthermia for practical clinical applications.

Cardiovascular disease is still a disease with high incidence rate and mortality. Although advanced technology continues to increase our understanding of cardiovascular disease, its diagnosis and treatment still have limitations. As an emerging interdisciplinary method, nanotechnology has shown enormous clinical application potential. Nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical properties, which help to improve the sensitivity and specificity of biosensor technology and molecular imaging technology in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. This paper first summarizes the versatility of nanomaterials, the physicochemical adjustability of biomolecular engineering, the design strategy of nanoparticles in cardio cerebral Vascular disease, the application of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of common cardiovascular diseases, and the use of nanomaterials can significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and therapeutic effect. Subsequently, the article summarized various nanomaterials. Finally, the article demonstrated the potential of the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory and photoelectric/photothermal properties of nanomaterials to be directly applied to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

 In the past, researchers investigated the immune response acting against mycobacterial antigens in tuberculosis (TB). Several ELISA tests have been conducted for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Other researchers manipulated 16 kDa antigen from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to develop a tuberculosis diagnostic test while some others studied the subspecies of M. tuberculosis. In the present study, we explored the possibilities of detecting 16 kDa protein derived from M. tuberculosis, on an interdigitated electrode (IDE). Measurements with Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and current-volt systems were demonstrated using antibody as the probe.  Further, the involvement of gold nanoparticle for the signal-enhancement and high-performance are evidenced. The specificity in the serum containing samples is used to show the clinical relevancy. 16 kDa antigen used in this experiment is highly reliable for TB diagnosis as it largely expresses and can be implemented in other sensing system.