This study investigates whether Turkey's per capita primary energy consumption converges to that of high-income countries using linear unit root tests over the period 1965-2023. The analysis applies a variety of methods, including the Lee and Strazicich (2003) test, Narayan and Popp (2010) test, Lumsdaine and Papell (1997) test, and the conventional ADF test. According to the results of the Lee and Strazicich test, the energy convergence series is stationary at the 1% significance level in Model AA and at the 10% significance level in Model CC. These findings suggest that Turkey may exhibit signs of energy consumption convergence with high-income countries. However, the results of other methods, including Narayan and Popp (2010), Lumsdaine and Papell (1997), and the ADF test, reveal that the series has a unit root, indicating non-stationarity. This inconsistency highlights a lack of definitive evidence supporting energy consumption convergence. The divergence in findings among different methodologies underscores the need for more robust and comprehensive analyses to thoroughly evaluate the energy convergence hypothesis. Addressing this issue could contribute to a better understanding of Turkey's energy consumption dynamics relative to high-income countries.

This paper uses the questionnaire data of the World Bank’s China Enterprise Survey 2012 to establish a Logit model to empirically study the relationship between knowledge sources and technological innovation in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The results show that although internal and external knowledge has a positive effect on enterprise technological innovation in general, there are significant differences when taking the types of innovation, subject characteristic and the types of cooperation into consideration. From the current development stage of China's manufacturing enterprises, external knowledge sources, external enterprise knowledge subjects, and employee knowledge have a more positive effect on technological innovation, which also shows that the role of technical employees on technological innovation has a significant threshold effect, and only after a certain degree of accumulation can internal technical employees have a more significant positive effect on technological innovation.

The aim of this study is to solve the problem of labor allocation in cases where the company has fewer employees than the number of existing jobs based on the evaluation of work quality according to multiple objectives. Optimizing labor allocation not only benefits the company by maximizing the use of human resources, but also saves employees' energy. In addition, employees are assigned to tasks that match their skills and qualifications, maximizing their productivity. The research results show that the multi-objective decision-making algorithm based on the Hungarian algorithm is a suitable method to help leaders of companies solve the aforementioned problem text.